Verapamil Versus Digoxin and Acute Versus Routine Serial Cardioversion for the Improvement of Rhythm Control for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Martin E.W. Hemels, MD*,
Trudeke Van Noord, MD*,
Harry J.G.M. Crijns, MD ,
Dirk J. Van Veldhuisen, MD, FACC*,
Nic J.G.M. Veeger, MSc ,
Hans A. Bosker, MD ,
Ans C. P. Wiesfeld, MD*,
Maarten P. Van den Berg, MD*,
Adelita V. Ranchor, PhD|| and
Isabelle C. Van Gelder, MD*,*
* Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
University Hospital, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Trial Coordination Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
|| Northern Center for Health Care Research, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Figure 1 Study flow chart. AAD = antiarrhythmic drug; AF = atrial fibrillation; ECV = electrical cardioversion; IRAF= immediate reinitiation of AF; TTM = transtelephonic monitoring.
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Figure 2 Recurrence pattern and treatment of recurrent atrial fibrillation during the first 4 weeks in the acute versus routine group. SF = shock failure; SR = sinus rhythm; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 3 Freedom from permanent atrial fibrillation in acutely versus routinely treated patients. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 4 Time to first relapse in the acute group between digoxin- versus verapamil-treated patients.
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Figure 5 Freedom from permanent AF in digoxin- versus verapamil-treated patients. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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