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Patent Foramen Ovale: Innocent or Guilty?

Evidence From a Prospective Population-Based Study

Irene Meissner, MD^_*,||,_*, Bijoy K. Khandheria, MD, John A. Heit, MD^_*, George W. Petty, MD^_*, Sheldon G. Sheps, MD, Gary L. Schwartz, MD, Jack P. Whisnant, MD, David O. Wiebers, MD^_*,||, Jody L. Covalt^¶, Tanya M. Petterson^||, Teresa J.H. Christianson^|| and Yoram Agmon, MD^_*

^_* Department of Neurology
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension
Department of Health Sciences Research
^|| Division of Epidemiology
^¶ Stroke Research Center
^|| Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

View larger version (7K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival free of cerebrovascular events in 577 subjects according to presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO).

View larger version (8K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival free of cerebrovascular events in 585 subjects according to presence of atrial septal aneurysm (ASA).

View larger version (7K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival free of cerebrovascular events in 585 subjects according to presence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

View larger version (10K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in different populations. Pop Cntrl = population-based randomly selected controls; Pop Crypto = population-based cryptogenic stroke; Ref Cntrl = referred control subjects/patients; Ref Crypto = referred cryptogenic stroke patients.