Microvascular Permeabilization and Cardiomyocyte Injury Provoked by Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in a Canine Model
Douglas L. Miller, PhD*,*,
Edward M. Driscoll ,
Chunyan Dou, MD*,
William F. Armstrong, MD and
Benedict R. Lucchesi, MD, PhD
* Radiology
Pharmacology
Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
View larger version (108K):
[in a new window]
|
Figure 1 Photograph of a heart after myocardial contrast echocardiography in the open-chest model at 2.2 MPa. The blue band formed across the left ventricle at the ultrasound scan plane and records the microvascular leakage, with irregular erythrocyte extravasation in the center of the band (arrows). The vertical lines indicate the orientation of tissue slices used for samples A to E. Scale bar = 1 cm.
|
|
View larger version (105K):
[in a new window]
|
Figure 2 A photograph of a slice of the left ventricle cutting across the scan plane from the heart shown in Figure 1. The cut surface of the anterior wall is about 1-cm wide (two-headed arrow) and in focus with the interior surface of the left ventricle falling out of focus to the right. The petechiae and Evans blue leakage penetrate through the anterior wall, and a blue band can be seen on the interior left ventricular surface. Scale bar = 5 mm.
|
|
View larger version (22K):
[in a new window]
|
Figure 3 Results for microvascular leakage for sham exposure and open-chest myocardial contrast echocardiography at 1.2 MPa, 2.2 MPa, and closed-chest myocardial contrast echocardiography. Samples were obtained from inside and outside the blue band (or at the same positions for the shams). The p values are for paired t tests comparing the inside and outside measurements.
|
|
View larger version (118K):
[in a new window]
|
Figure 4 A photograph of the blue band (arrows) generated by myocardial contrast echocardiography in the closed-chest model.
|
|
|
