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Functional and Morphologic Imaging of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Living Mice Using High-Resolution Color Doppler Echocardiography and Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Johannes Wikström, MSc^_*, Julia Grönros, MSc^_*, Göran Bergström, MD, PhD and Li-ming Gan, MD, PhD^_*,,_*

^_* Department of Physiology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology
Department of Clinical Physiology, Cardiovascular Institute, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden

View larger version (94K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 (A) En face inspection of left coronary artery (LCA) and the specific vascular site of flow measurement as indicated by the arrowhead. (B) A color Doppler echocardiography image corresponding to image (A), showing LCA and the flow velocity measurement site, as indicated by an arrowhead. Typical ultrasound biomicroscope images of the proximal LCA in (C) relatively non-diseased and (D) severely atherosclerotic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)–/– mice. Small arrowheads show the measurement site of lumen diameter. Scale bar = 2 mm in panel A and 1 mm in panels C and D. AO = aorta; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; PA = pulmonary artery.

View larger version (90K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Typical Doppler flow velocity signals during (A) rest and (B) hypoxia-induced hyperemia, as measured in the mid left coronary artery. The continuous white line indicates the diastolic phase of the coronary Doppler flow signals.

View larger version (56K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Typical histology of the proximal (A, B) and mid (C) left coronary artery in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)–/– mice. Coronary artery lesions were found in the proximal but not in the mid left coronary artery. Arrowheads indicate coronary lesions. Scale bar = 200 µm.

View larger version (6K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 The correlation between coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) and minimal lumen diameter (MLD) in low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)–/– mice (p < 0.005, R2 = 0.8707).