Use of Herbal Products and Potential Interactions in Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases
Ara Tachjian, MD*,
Viqar Maria, MBBS* and
Arshad Jahangir, MD ,*
* Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
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Figure 1 Comparison of Number of Visits, Costs, and Conditions Treated Medically or by CAM
(A) Annual visits to physicians versus those to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners. Adapted, with permission, from Eisenberg et al. (1). (B) The costs of CAM services by type compared with the costs of physician services and hospitalizations. Adapted, with permission, from Eisenberg et al. (1). (C) The most common conditions for which CAM therapies are used in the U.S. GI = gastrointestinal.
Data from Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. Advance data from vital and health statistics; no 343. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 2004.
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Figure 2 Types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Used by U.S. Consumers
Data from Tindle HA, Davis RB, Phillips RS, Eisenberg DM. Trends in use of complementary and alternative medicine by US adults: 1997–2002. Altern Ther Health Med 2005;11:42–9.
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Figure 3 Adverse Effects of Herbal Products
Adverse effects of (A) herbal products and (B) ephedra are underreported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Data from Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC Jr., et al. 2001 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2002;20:391–452.
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