Long-Term Pulmonary Regurgitation Following Balloon Valvuloplasty for Pulmonary StenosisRisk Factors and Relationship to Exercise Capacity and Ventricular Volume and Function
David M. Harrild, MD, PhD*,
Andrew J. Powell, MD,
Trang X. Trang, MPH, BS,
Tal Geva, MD,
James E. Lock, MD,
Jonathan Rhodes, MD and
Doff B. McElhinney, MD
Departments of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Figure 1 Factors at Catheterization and PR Fraction
(A) Balloon:annulus ratio and (B) ln (age at catheterization) versus pulmonary regurgitation (PR) fraction. PR fraction  15% is shaded. In the regression equations, PR% is expressed as a fraction.
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Figure 3 PR Fraction and RV Parameters on CMR Imaging
PR fraction versus (A) RV end diastolic volume (indexed) (RVEDVi) and (B) RV ejection fraction (EF). In the regression equations, PR% is expressed as a fraction. CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance; other abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.
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Figure 4 PR Fraction and Exercise Parameters
Pulmonary regurgitation (PR) fraction versus percent predicted values of (A) peak oxygen consumption (VO
2) and (B) peak work. Subnormal ranges for exercise parameters, as defined in the text, are shaded.
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