Clinical and Genetic Modifiers of Long-Term Survival in Heart Failure
Sharon Cresci, MD*,
Reagan J. Kelly, MS ,
Thomas P. Cappola, MD, ScM ,
Abhinav Diwan, MD*,
Daniel Dries, MD, MPH ,
Sharon L.R. Kardia, PhD and
Gerald W. Dorn, II, MD*,*
* Center for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier Curves of β-Blocker Treatment Effect on Heart Failure Survival
(A) Combined heart failure cohort, stratified by β-blocker usage (top inset, Caucasian Americans; bottom inset, African Americans). Solid line = β-blocker–untreated; dashed line = β-blocker–treated. (B) Survival of β-blocker–untreated heart failure subjects, stratified by race. (C) Survival of β-blocker–treated heart failure subjects, stratified by race. Solid line = Caucasian; dashed line = African American.
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Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier Curves of ADRB1 Arg/Gly 389 Effect on Heart Failure Survival
(A) β-blocker–untreated subjects stratified by ADRB1 389Gly carrier status (top inset, Caucasian Americans; bottom inset, African Americans). (B) β-blocker–treated subjects stratified by ADRB1 389Gly carrier status (top inset, Caucasian Americans; bottom inset, African Americans). Solid line = Arg/Arg 389; dashed line = Gly 389 carriers.
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Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier Curves of GRK5 Gln/Leu 41 Effect on Heart Failure Survival
(A) β-blocker–untreated subjects stratified by GRK5 41Leu carrier status (top inset, Caucasian Americans; bottom inset, African Americans). (B) β-blocker–treated subjects stratified by GRK5 41Leu carrier status (top inset, Caucasian Americans; bottom inset, African Americans). Solid line = Gln/Gln 41; dashed line = Leu 41 carriers.
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Figure 4 Kaplan-Meier Curves of β-Blocker Treatment Effect on Heart Failure Survival in Subjects Matched for ADRB1 Gly 389 and GRK5 Gln 41 Homozygous Genotype
(A) Combined heart failure cohort, stratified by β-blocker usage (top inset, Caucasian Americans; bottom inset, African Americans). Solid line = β-blocker untreated; dashed line = β-blocker treated. (B) Survival of β-blocker–untreated heart failure subjects, stratified by race. (C) Survival of β-blocker–treated heart failure subjects, stratified by race. Solid line = Caucasian; dashed line = African American.
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