Hypoxia, Not the Frequency of Sleep Apnea, Induces Acute Hemodynamic Stress in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Joshua D. Gottlieb, AM*,
Alan R. Schwartz, MD ,
Joanne Marshall ,
Pamela Ouyang, MBBS,
Linda Kern,
Veena Shetty, MPH ,
Maria Trois,
Naresh M. Punjabi, MD, PhD,
Cynthia Brown, MD||,
Samer S. Najjar, MD¶ and
Stephen S. Gottlieb, MD,*
* Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Medstar Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
|| University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
¶ National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Figure 1 Mean BNP and t90
For each time point through the night, the mean brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) of all patients (solid line) and the percentage of time with oxygen saturation <90% (t90) (dashed line) are shown. Note that the BNP appears to fluctuate with the extent of hypoxemia.
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Figure 2 Mean BNP and Frequency of Sleep-Disordered Breathing Episodes
For each time point through the night, the mean brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide (BNP) of all patients (solid line) and the frequency of sleep-disordered breathing episodes (dashed line) are shown. Note that the BNP does not appear to fluctuate with the frequency of sleep-disordered breathing episodes.
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