Noninvasive Quantification and Optimization of Acute Cell Retention by In Vivo Positron Emission Tomography After Intramyocardial Cardiac-Derived Stem Cell Delivery
John Terrovitis, MD*,
Riikka Lautamäki, MD, PhD ,
Michael Bonios, MD ,
James Fox, BS||,
James M. Engles, MS, MBA,
Jianhua Yu, BS||,
Michelle K. Leppo, BS,
Martin G. Pomper, MD, PhD||,
Richard L. Wahl, MD,
Jurgen Seidel, PhD ,
Benjamin M. Tsui, PhD||,
Frank M. Bengel, MD,
M. Roselle Abraham, MD and
Eduardo Marbán, MD, PhD*,*
* The Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
Department of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
Department of Diagnostic Imaging Physics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
|| Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Figure 1 Detection of 18FDG Labeled Cells Injected in the Myocardium by Micro-PET
(A) Transverse, (B) coronal, (C) sagittal image orientation. In a different experiment, fusion of computed tomography (CT) and micro-positron computed tomography (PET) images provides more detailed anatomical information. (D) Transverse, (E) coronal, (F) sagittal image orientation. 13NH3 = 13N-ammonia; 18FDG = [18F]-fluoro-deoxy-glucose.
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Figure 2 Retention of Intramyocardially Injected Cells at 60 min After Cell Injection, in the Different Experimental Groups
The p values correspond to comparisons between the cells in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the intervention groups. Values are reported as mean ± SD. Aden = adenosine; BDM = 2,3-butanedione-2-monoxime; FG = fibrin glue.
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Figure 3 Retention of Intramyocardially Injected Cells 60 min After Cell Injection Measured by In Vivo PET and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
Cells in phosphate buffered saline group-values are reported as mean ± SD. PCR = polymerase chain reaction; PET = positron computed tomography.
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Figure 4 Comparison of Engraftment at 3 Weeks Between the Cells in PBS and FG Groups
Assessment by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, values are reported as mean ± SD. FG = fibrin glue; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline.
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Figure 5 Immunocytochemistry of Frozen Cardiac Sections at 3 Weeks After Cell Injection
The presence of enhanced green fluorescent protein positive cells (green) at the infarct border zone (red: troponin I), in an animal of the fibrin glue group, was revealed.
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Figure 6 Percent Change in FAC Between Days 2 and 21 After Myocardial Infarction, in Animals Treated With Cells in PBS, Cells and FG, PBS Only, and FG Only
One-way analysis of variance, p = 0.002. The p values on the figure correspond to post hoc comparisons between the PBS only and the intervention groups. Values are reported as mean ± SEM. FAC = fractional area change; other abbreviations as in Figures 2 and 3.
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