Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of 1-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in (A) human coronary arteries and (B) left ventricle free wall. mRNA = messenger ribonucleic acid; TBP = TATA-binding protein.

Saturation radioligand binding was done in membranes pooled from 15 epicardial coronary arteries of 11 patients. (A) Binding with ³H-prazosin for total 1-adrenergic receptors (ARs); (B) binding with ¹²⁵I-CYP for total β-ARs. CYP = cyanopindol; DPM = disintegrations/minute.

Competition for ³H-prazosin binding by the 1D-selective antagonist BMY-7378 yielded (A) a 2-site binding curve with predominantly high-affinity sites in coronary artery membranes; (B) a 1-site low affinity curve in ventricular myocardium from 3 patients. AR = adrenergic receptor.

Cultured human epicardial coronary smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and coronary media rings were treated for 15 to 30 min with low concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) (1 to 200 nmol/l, mean 27 nmol/l), and the nonselective β-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist propranolol (1 µmol/l), in the absence or presence of the 1D-selective antagonist BMY-7378 (10 nmol/l) or the nonselective 1-antagonist prazosin (1 µmol/l). (A) Western blot showing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in duplicate dishes from a Lonza (Walkersville, Maryland) SMC culture; (B) summary data for 8 Lonza SMC preparations from 2 patients, a ring preparation from 1 patient, and 2 primary SMC cultures from 1 patient.

Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for 1-subtype messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels and all 1 mRNA are displayed according to (A) coronary artery disease (CAD); (B) β-blocker use, all carvedilol, except metoprolol (circles) and nadolol (squares); (C) β-agonist exposure; (D) age; and (E) ejection fraction. The p values are for multivariate analysis.