Measures of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Among Men and Women
Rebecca P. Gelber, MD, DrPH*,**,
J. Michael Gaziano, MD, MPH*, ,¶,
E. John Orav, PhD ,||,
JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH, ,
Julie E. Buring, ScD*,,,# and
Tobias Kurth, MD, ScD*,,,*
* Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
|| Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
¶ Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
# Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
** Harvard Vanguard Medical Associates, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Figure 1 RR of Cardiovascular Disease According to Anthropometric Indexes
(A) For men, the relative risks (RRs) are adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60. Body mass index (BMI) categories: <20.0, 20.0 to 22.4, 22.5 to 24.9, 25.0 to 27.4, 27.5 to 29.9, 30.0 to 34.9, and  35.0 kg/m2. Men's waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) categories: <0.45, 0.45 to <0.49, 0.49 to <0.53, 0.53 to <0.58, 0.58 to <0.62, 0.62 to <0.69, and 0.69. Men's waist circumference (WC) categories: 22.0 to 31.25, 31.5 to 34.25, 34.5 to 37.25, 37.5 to 40.75, 41.0 to 43.5, 43.75 to 48.0, and 48.25 to 62.0 in. Men's waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) categories: <0.83, 0.83 to <0.89, 0.89 to <0.94, 0.94 to <0.99, 0.99 to <1.03, 1.03 to <1.11, and 1.11. (B) For women, the RRs are adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60 years, post-menopausal hormone use, race, education, and dietary factors. The BMI categories for women are the same as for men. Women's WHtR categories: <0.42, 0.42 to <0.47, 0.47 to <0.52, 0.52 to <0.57, 0.57 to <0.61, 0.61 to <0.68, and 0.68. Women's WC categories: 20.0 to 27.0, 27.25 to 30.0, 30.25 to 33.25, 33.5 to 36.5, 36.75 to 38.75, 39.0 to 43.75, and 44.0 to 55.0 in. Women's WHR categories: <0.72, 0.72 to <0.77, 0.77 to <0.82, 0.82 to <0.86, 0.86 to <0.89, 0.89 to <0.95, and 0.95.
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Figure 2 RR of Cardiovascular Disease According to BMI and WHtR
(A) For men, the model adjusts for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60 years. (B) For women, the model adjusts for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60 years, post-menopausal hormone use, race, education, and dietary factors. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 3 RR of Cardiovascular Disease According to Age and WHtR
(A) For men, the model adjusts for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60 years. (B) For women, the model adjusts for age, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, parental history of myocardial infarction before the age of 60 years, post-menopausal hormone use, race, education, and dietary factors. Abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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