Beta-Blockers for Primary Prevention of Heart Failure in Patients With HypertensionInsights From a Meta-Analysis
Sripal Bangalore, MD, MHA,
David Wild, MD,
Sanobar Parkar, MD, MPH,
Marrick Kukin, MD, FACC and
Franz H. Messerli, MD, FACC*
Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, St Luke's Roosevelt Hospital and Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
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Figure 2 Risk Ratio for Heart Failure When Compared With Placebo
The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. BB = beta-blocker; CI = confidence interval.
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Figure 3 Risk Ratio for Heart Failure When Compared With Other Antihypertensive Agents
The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB = calcium-channel blocker; other abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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Figure 4 Effect of Atenolol on the Risk of Heart Failure When Compared With Other Antihypertensive Agents
The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. CI = confidence interval.
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Figure 5 Risk Ratio for Heart Failure When Compared With Other Antihypertensive Agents in Young Versus the Elderly Cohort
The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. Abbreviations as in Figures 2 and 3.
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Figure 6 RR for Secondary Outcomes When Compared With Other Antihypertensive Agents
CV = cardiovascular; MI = myocardial infarction; RR = risk ratio; other abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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Figure 7 Relative Risk of HF With BB as a Function of SBP at Study End
The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. BB = beta-blockers; HF = heart failure; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
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Figure 8 Relative Risk of HF With BB as a Function of SBP Difference Between Treatment Modalities at Study End
The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. Abbreviations as in Figures 3 and 7.
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Figure 9 Relative Risk of HF With BB as a Function of Length of Follow-Up
See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. The sizes of the data markers relate to weight of each trial. Abbreviations as in Figures 3 and 7.
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Figure 10 Sensitivity Analysis: Effect of BB on the Risk of Heart Failure When Compared With Other Antihypertensive Agents
See Table 1 footnote for expansions of trial names. RR = risk ratio; other abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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