A Novel Feature-Tracking Echocardiographic Method for the Quantitation of Regional Myocardial FunctionValidation in an Animal Model of Ischemia-Reperfusion
Bahar Pirat, MD,
Dirar S. Khoury, PhD,
Craig J. Hartley, PhD,
Les Tiller, RDCS,
Liyun Rao, PhD,
Daryl G. Schulz, RTR,
Sherif F. Nagueh, MD, FACC and
William A. Zoghbi, MD, FACC*
Methodist DeBakey Heart Center Echocardiography Laboratory and Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Houston, Texas.
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Figure 1 Short-Axis Views During Baseline, Dobutamine Infusion, and LAD Occlusion, and the Corresponding Velocity, Strain, and SR Curves Obtained by VVI
Note the increased amplitude of the velocity vectors and velocity, strain, and strain rate (SR) values during dobutamine infusion and the dyskinetic motion, positive strain, and SR pattern during left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. End-diastole and end-systole (time of peak –dP/dt) are shown in blue lines. Values of the regional function parameters are shown. VVI = Velocity Vector Imaging.
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Figure 2 Changes in Strain During Occlusion-Reperfusion and Pharmacologic Manipulation
Circumferential strain measured by Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) and sonomicrometry in the ischemic zone during various hemodynamic states. Dob. = dobutamine; Occl = occlusion.
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Figure 3 Example of Changes in Hemodymanic and Regional Function During the Protocol
Recordings of strain (top), left ventricular pressure (LVP) (middle), and electrocardiogram (ECG) (bottom) from a single experiment during baseline, dobutamine infusion, and left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. Blue line = sonomicrometry; red line = Velocity Vector Imaging.
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Figure 4 Relation of Strain by VVI to SM in the Ischemic Zone
Plots showing the relation between circumferential and longitudinal strain values by Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) and sonomicrometry (SM) in the ischemic zone and corresponding Bland-Altman plots.
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Figure 5 Relation of SR by VVI to SM in the Ischemic Zone
Plots showing the relation between circumferential and longitudinal strain rate (SR) by Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) and sonomicrometry (SM) in the ischemic segments and corresponding Bland-Altman plots.
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Figure 6 Changes in Strain During Occlusion-Reperfusion and Pharmacologic Manipulation in the Nonischemic Zone
Circumferential strain measured by VVI and sonomicrometry in the nonischemic zone during various hemodynamic states. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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Figure 7 Circumferential and Longitudinal Strain by VVI at the Exact Intramyocardial Level of the Ultrasound Crystals
Relation of strain by Velocity Vector Imaging (VVI) to strain by sonomicrometry in ischemic segments at the level of intramyocardial crystals.
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Figure 8 Endocardial Velocity Versus Strain Measurements
Relation of circumferential endocardial velocity by Velocity Vector Imaging to strain measurement by sonomicrometry in the ischemic and nonischemic zones.
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