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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2008; 51:2250-2255, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.01.065
© 2008 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Relation of Race to Electrocardiographic Patterns in Elite American Football Players

Anthony Magalski, MD, FACC*,*, Barry J. Maron, MD, FACC{dagger}, Michael L. Main, MD, FACC*, Marcia McCoy, RN, MSN*, Angela Florez, BA{ddagger}, Kimberly J. Reid, MS*, Harold W. Epps, MED, ATC, LAT§, John Bates, MD, FACC|| and Jon E. Browne, MD

* Cardiovascular Consultants PA, Mid-America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
{dagger} The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota
{ddagger} Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
§ Kansas City Chiefs Football Club, Inc., Kansas City, Missouri
|| The Care Group, LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana
University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1 Diversity of Abnormal 12-Lead ECG Patterns in 5 Black Athletes

Diversity of abnormal 12-lead electrocardiographic (ECG) patterns in 5 black athletes characterized by (A) ST-segment depression in inferior leads, J-point elevation in right precordial leads, and diffuse T-wave inversions in a 21-year-old lineman; (B) deep symmetric T-wave inversions in V1 to V3 in a 21-year-old defensive back; (C) J-point elevation in right precordial leads, deep symmetric T-wave inversions in V3 to V6, and inferior T-wave inversions in a 22-year-old defensive back; (D) marked increased voltage (>40 mm in V4) in a 21-year-old wide receiver; and (E) markedly increased voltage (>40 mm in V4), J-point elevation in V2 to V3, and T-wave inversion in V2 to V4 in a 21-year-old wide receiver.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2 Relation of Abnormal and Normal ECG Patterns to Race in 1,959 Professional Football Players

*p < 0.0001, {dagger}p = 0.0005 for comparisons by race.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3 Specific ECG Abnormalities With Respect to Race

*p = 0.002, {dagger}p = 0.0002 for comparisons by race. AF = atrial fibrillation; WPW = Wolff-Parkinson-White.

 

Figure 4
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  		Figure 4 Abnormal ECG With Respect to Race and Player Position

*p < 0.05 for comparisons by race; {dagger}only 1 black athlete at this position (electrocardiogram [ECG] was abnormal). DB = defensive back; DL = defensive lineman; LB = linebacker; OL = offensive lineman; PK = place kicker; QB = quarterback; RB = running back; TE = tight end; WR = wide receiver.

 


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