Role of the Endothelium in the Vascular Effects of the Thrombin Receptor (Protease-Activated Receptor Type 1) in Humans
Ingibjörg J. Guðmundsdóttir, MRCP*,
Ninian N. Lang, MRCP*,*,
Nicholas A. Boon, MD, FRCP ,
Christopher A. Ludlam, PhD, FRCP*,
David J. Webb, MD, FRCP*,
Keith A. Fox, FRCP, FESC* and
David E. Newby, PhD, MRCP*
* Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Department of Cardiology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Figure 1 Dorsal Hand Vein Responses to Acetylcholine and SFLLRN (After Pre-Constriction With Norepinephrine)
Before (blue triangles) and after (red triangles) endothelial denudation. *p < 0.05; NS = nonsignificant (p = 0.09); presence versus absence of the endothelium (analysis of variance).
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Figure 2 SFLLRN-Induced Forearm Arterial Vasodilation
In the presence (red symbols) and absence (blue symbols) of (A) aspirin (squares), NS = nonsignificant (p = 0.53) in the presence versus the absence of aspirin (analysis of variance [ANOVA]); (B) the nitric oxide (NO) clamp (circles), *p < 0.0001 in the presence versus the absence of the NO clamp (ANOVA); (C) tetraethylammonium (TEA) (triangles), p < 0.05 in the presence versus the absence of TEA (ANOVA); and (D) aspirin, the NO clamp, and TEA (diamonds), #p < 0.01 in the presence versus the absence of aspirin, the NO clamp, and TEA (ANOVA).
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Figure 3 Bradykinin- and SNP-Induced Forearm Arterial Vasodilation
Forearm arterial vasodilation induced by (A) bradykinin (squares), (B) bradykinin in the presence of the NO clamp and aspirin (circles), and (C) sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (diamonds) in the presence (red symbols) and absence (blue symbols) of TEA. *p < 0.05; p = 0.0001; NS = nonsignificant (p = 0.41) in the presence versus the absence of TEA (ANOVA). Abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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Figure 4 SFLLRN-Induced t-PA and PAI-1 Release
Net tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) (squares) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) (circles) antigen (solid lines) and activity (dashed lines) in response to intrabrachial SFLLRN in the presence (red symbols) and absence (blue symbols) of the NO clamp. *p < 0.0001; NS = nonsignificant (p = 0.075) in the presence versus the absence of the NO clamp (ANOVA). Abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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Figure 5 SFLLRN-Induced Beta-Thromboglobulin Release
In the presence (red circles) and absence (blue circles) of the NO clamp. *p < 0.01 net beta-thromboglobulin release induced by SFLLRN (50 nmol/min) in the presence versus the absence of the NO clamp (ANOVA). Abbreviations as in Figure 2.
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