Causes of Late Deaths After Pediatric Cardiac SurgeryA Population-Based Study
Heta P. Nieminen, MD*,*,
Eero V. Jokinen, MD and
Heikki I. Sairanen, MD*
* Department of Surgery, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Figure 1 Proportion of Causes of Death
Numbers in blocks define the actual number of deaths in each diagnostic group. ASD = atrial septal defect; CoA = coarctation of aorta; PDA = patent ductus arteriosus; TGA = transposition of the great arteries; TOF = tetralogy of Fallot; UVH = univentricular heart; VSD = ventricular septal defect.
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Figure 2 Relative Survival (Survival of Patients/Survival of General Population) of All Patients
Survival of general population is 100%. Dotted lines represent survival for congenital heart defect (CHD)-related causes. Follow-up started from the patient’s first operation.
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Figure 3 Survival of Patients After Their First Operation
Division is by the decade during which the patient underwent the first surgery. The dotted green line in the figures for all and for PDA patients represents the survival of the 1980s, when only CHD-related deaths were included in the analysis. Follow-up started from the patient’s first operation. In VSD, TOF, and TGA figures, the percentages marked as "cor" represent the proportion of patients whose first operation has been corrective. *p = significance of difference when compared with 1980s. Patient died 15 years after closure of PDA; VSD was not surgically corrected. **Patient emigrated. Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.
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Figure 4 Proportion of Modes of CHD-Related Death in Different Defect Groups
Perioperative = death within 30 days after second, third, or fourth operation. Numbers in blocks define the actual number of deaths in each group. Abbreviations as in Figures 1 and 2.
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