C-Reactive Protein Gene Polymorphisms, C-Reactive Protein Blood Levels, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Fadi G. Hage, MD* and
Alexander J. Szalai, PhD
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Figure 1 Blood CRP Circulates as a Pentamer
One face of the pentamer supports multipoint attachment to ligands and ligand-decorated surfaces; the other face binds C1q and Fc R. Only some of the many C-reactive protein (CRP) ligands are listed. HDL = high-density lipoprotein; oxLDL = oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
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Figure 2 The CRP Gene Is Located on Chromosome 1
The gene per se is comprised of 2 exons (red boxes) separated by a single intron encoding a dinucleotide (gt) repeat. Exon 1 encodes an 18 amino acid leader peptide (green box) and the first 2 amino acids of the mature protein. The cross-hatched box demarcates the position of a reported alternative transcript. CRP = C-reactive protein; UTR = untranslated regions (yellow boxes).
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Figure 3 Association Between Baseline CRP and the GT Repeat Polymorphism in the CRP Gene
Each circle and whisker is the mean ± SEM for baseline (age-adjusted) CRP obtained from the indicated number of individuals. The correlation coefficient (r) for the sine-wave regressions is given. The arrows point to the common GT16 and GT21 variants having the lowest (approximately equal) CRP levels. CRP = C-reactive protein.
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Figure 4 Association of CRP Promoter Haplotype With Baseline CRP
Baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration for the indicated number of individuals having the various haplotypes (A) and the corresponding relative luciferase light units (the ratio of firefly vs. Renilla luciferase activity) (B) is reported as the mean + SEM (bars and whiskers). The numbers above the bars give the fold-increase in promoter activity relative to the steady state. IL = interleukin. Modified with permission from Szalai et al. (51).
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