Total Liquid Ventilation Provides Ultra-Fast Cardioprotective Cooling
Renaud Tissier, DVM, PhD*,
Kazutoshi Hamanaka, MD*,
Atsushi Kuno, MD, PhD*,
James C. Parker, PhD*,
Michael V. Cohen, MD, FACC*, and
James M. Downey, PhD*,*
* Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
Department of Medicine, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama

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Figure 3 Cardiac and Rectal Temperatures
*p < 0.05 versus Gas; p < 0.05 versus Liquid (comparison made at baseline, 25 min of ischemia, and 60 min of reperfusion). LA = left atrial; other abbreviations as in Figure 1.
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Figure 4 Infarct Sizes Expressed as Percentage of the Risk Zone Volume
Open circles = individual infarct sizes; closed circles = mean infarct size with SEM. *p < 0.05 versus both Gas and Liquid Warm groups. PEEP = positive end-expiratory pressure; Reperf = reperfusion.
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