JACC
HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 49:403-414, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.032 (Published online 11 January 2007).
© 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in ISI Web of Science
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (46)
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Gami, A. S.
Right arrow Articles by Montori, V. M.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow Articles by Gami, A. S.
Right arrow Articles by Montori, V. M.

Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Events and Death

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

Apoor S. Gami, MD*,{dagger},*, Brandi J. Witt, MD*,{dagger}, Daniel E. Howard, MD{dagger}, Patricia J. Erwin, MLS{ddagger}, Lisa A. Gami, RN*,{dagger}, Virend K. Somers, MD, PhD, FACC*,{dagger},§ and Victor M. Montori, MD, MSc{dagger},||,¶

* Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
{dagger} Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
{ddagger} Mayo Medical Libraries, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
§ Division of Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
|| Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Knowledge and Encounter Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.


Figure 1
View larger version (84K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 1 Literature Search Strategy Used for the MEDLINE Database

 

Figure 2
View larger version (38K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 2 Flowchart of Article Inclusion

*The 36 included articles described 37 studies that included 43 unique cohorts.

 

Figure 3
View larger version (16K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 3 RR and 95% CI for Metabolic Syndrome and Incident Cardiovascular Events and Death, by Specific Outcomes

The diamonds represent the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for studies that assessed each outcome. Some studies assessed more than 1 outcome. CHD = coronary heart disease; CV = cardiovascular.

 

Figure 4
View larger version (47K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 4 RR and 95% CI for Metabolic Syndrome and Incident Cardiovascular Events and Death

Studies are listed in chronological order by year that their cohorts were created (except for the last study listed, which includes multiple cohorts). Results are for available analyses of incident cardiovascular disease and death, and may differ from the results of the total study populations. Boxes represent the relative risk (RR), and lines represent the 95% confidence interval (CI) for studies. The diamond represents the pooled RR, and its width represents its 95% CI.

 

Figure 5
View larger version (14K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 5 RR and 95% CI for Metabolic Syndrome and Incident Cardiovascular Events and Death in Studies That Simultaneously Included Metabolic Syndrome and Some of its Components Into Multivariable Models

All studies excluded people with prevalent cardiovascular disease, and 1 study (45) excluded women. "Other" covariates included race (62), study site (in a multicenter study) (62), body mass index (45), C-reactive protein (45), creatinine (60), left ventricular hypertrophy (60), and cigarette smoking (45,60,62). The boxes represent the relative risk (RR) for individual studies and are proportional to their weight in the analysis, and the lines represent their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The diamond represents the pooled RR, and its width represents its 95% CI. BP = hypertension or elevated systolic or diastolic blood pressure; Glu = fasting hyperglycemia; X = covariate included.

 

Figure 6
View larger version (24K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 6 RR and 95% CI for Incident Coronary Heart Disease Events in Patients Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease

Results are for available analyses of incident coronary heart disease events, and may differ from the results of the total study populations. Boxes represent the relative risk (RR) for individual studies and are proportional to their weight in the analysis, and the lines represent their 95% confidence interval (CI). The diamonds represent the pooled RR, and its width represents its 95% CI.

 

Figure 7
View larger version (12K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
[Download PPT slide]
  		Figure 7 Publication Bias and Its Potential Impact

The blue circles represent individual studies, the blue lines are the funnel plot, and the blue diamond is the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval for the meta-analysis. The red circles represent imputed studies, and the red lines represent the adjusted funnel plot. The red diamond is the RR and 95% confidence interval for the meta-analysis, after adjusting for publication bias. Log (RR) = logarithm of the RR; SE = standard error.

 




HOME SUBSCRIPTIONS CURRENT ISSUE PAST ISSUES CARDIOSOURCE SEARCH HELP FEEDBACK
Copyright © 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.