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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2007; 49:290-297, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.08.054 (Published online 5 January 2007).
© 2007 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone and/or Simvastatin in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients With Elevated High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein

The PIOSTAT Study

Markolf Hanefeld, MD, PhD*,*, Nikolaus Marx, MD{dagger}, Andreas Pfützner, MD, PhD{ddagger}, Werner Baurecht, MSc§, Georg Lübben, MD||, Efstrathios Karagiannis, MD||, Ulf Stier, MD* and Thomas Forst, MD{ddagger}

* GWT, Center for Clinical Studies, Dresden, Germany
{dagger} University Ulm, Medical Department II, Ulm, Germany
{ddagger} Institute for Clinical Research and Development, Mainz, Germany
§ Acromion, Frechen, Germany
|| Takeda Pharma, Aachen, Germany.


Figure 1
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  		Figure 1 Changes in hs-CRP in the 3 Treatment Groups

Percentage changes from baseline (±95% confidence interval) in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) from baseline to 12 weeks in the 3 treatment groups (solid bar = pioglitazone; open bar = simvastatin; hatched bar = pioglitazone plus simvastatin). All percentages represent 1 subtracted from the antilogs of least square mean differences between baseline and week-12 log-transformed values derived from the analysis of covariance model.

 

Figure 2
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  		Figure 2 Changes in MMP-9, MCP-1, and PAI-1 in the 3 Treatment Groups

Arithmetic mean ± SEM for the relative change from baseline to 12 weeks in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the 3 treatment groups (solid bars = pioglitazone; open bars = simvastatin; hatched bars = pioglitazone plus simvastatin): *p < 0.05 versus baseline; **p < 0.01 versus baseline; ***p < 0.001 versus baseline.

 

Figure 3
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  		Figure 3 Correlations of the Changes in HOMA With the Changes of hs-CRP

Changes in homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) versus changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) after 12 weeks of treatment. R = Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; *p < 0.05 for test of |R| = 0; pioglitazone (filled diamonds), p = 0.0059; simvastatin (open triangles), p = 0.9112; pioglitazone plus simvastatin (filled crosses), p = 0.3848.

 




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