Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Pioglitazone and/or Simvastatin in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients With Elevated High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
The PIOSTAT Study
Markolf Hanefeld, MD, PhD*,*,
Nikolaus Marx, MD ,
Andreas Pfützner, MD, PhD ,
Werner Baurecht, MSc ,
Georg Lübben, MD||,
Efstrathios Karagiannis, MD||,
Ulf Stier, MD* and
Thomas Forst, MD
* GWT, Center for Clinical Studies, Dresden, Germany
University Ulm, Medical Department II, Ulm, Germany
Institute for Clinical Research and Development, Mainz, Germany
Acromion, Frechen, Germany
|| Takeda Pharma, Aachen, Germany.
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Figure 1 Changes in hs-CRP in the 3 Treatment Groups
Percentage changes from baseline (±95% confidence interval) in high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) from baseline to 12 weeks in the 3 treatment groups (solid bar = pioglitazone; open bar = simvastatin; hatched bar = pioglitazone plus simvastatin). All percentages represent 1 subtracted from the antilogs of least square mean differences between baseline and week-12 log-transformed values derived from the analysis of covariance model.
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Figure 2 Changes in MMP-9, MCP-1, and PAI-1 in the 3 Treatment Groups
Arithmetic mean ± SEM for the relative change from baseline to 12 weeks in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the 3 treatment groups (solid bars = pioglitazone; open bars = simvastatin; hatched bars = pioglitazone plus simvastatin): *p < 0.05 versus baseline; **p < 0.01 versus baseline; ***p < 0.001 versus baseline.
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Figure 3 Correlations of the Changes in HOMA With the Changes of hs-CRP
Changes in homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) versus changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) after 12 weeks of treatment. R = Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; *p < 0.05 for test of |R| = 0; pioglitazone (filled diamonds), p = 0.0059; simvastatin (open triangles), p = 0.9112; pioglitazone plus simvastatin (filled crosses), p = 0.3848.
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