Reduced Aortic Elasticity and Dilatation Are Associated With Aortic Regurgitation and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Nonstenotic Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients
Heynric B. Grotenhuis, MD*, , ,||,
Jaap Ottenkamp, MD,,||,
Jos J.M. Westenberg, PhD*,
Jeroen J. Bax, MD ,
Lucia J.M. Kroft, MD* and
Albert de Roos, MD*,*
* Department of Radiology, Center for Congenital Anomalies of the Heart, Leiden, the Netherlands
Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Center for Congenital Anomalies of the Heart, Leiden, the Netherlands
Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Emma Children’s Hospital/AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
|| VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Figure 1 Diameter Measurements of the Aortic Root
Oblique coronal image showing the 4 diameter measurements of the aortic root: at the level of the annulus of the aortic valve (1), the sinus of Valsalva (2), the sinotubular junction (3), and the ascending aorta at the level of the pulmonary trunk (4).
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Figure 2 Distensibility Measurements of the Aortic Root
(A and B) Taken in the oblique coronal plane, these images show the slice positioning of the acquisition planes at minimal and maximal aortic flow for distensibility measurements, respectively, thus correcting for through-plane motion of the aortic root during contraction. Note the difference in position of the aortic root in both images, because of cardiac motion. (C and D) The corresponding area measurements in the double oblique transverse orientation.
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Figure 3 Measurements of Pulse Wave Velocity of the Aorta
(A) The sites for the through-plane magnetic resonance imaging pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements: the ascending aorta (AO Asc) (1), the proximal descending aorta (AO Desc) (2), and the distal aorta (AO Dist) (3) above the aortic bifurcation. On the corresponding velocity-encoded images (B) (indicated by 1, 2 and 3), the arrival time of the aortic systolic pulse-wave front can be determined by measuring the through-plane flow. An example of determination of the arrival time at the site of the proximal descending aorta is depicted in (C). The distance between the sampling locations and the different arrival times of the systolic flow wave determine the PWV.
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