Long QT Syndrome and Pregnancy
Rahul Seth, MD*,
Arthur J. Moss, MD*,*,
Scott McNitt, MS*,
Wojciech Zareba, MD, PhD*,
Mark L. Andrews, BBA*,
Ming Qi, PhD ,
Jennifer L. Robinson, MS*,
Ilan Goldenberg, MD*,
Michael J. Ackerman, MD, PhD ,
Jesaia Benhorin, MD ,
Elizabeth S. Kaufman, MD||,
Emanuela H. Locati, MD, PhD¶,
Carlo Napolitano, MD¶,
Silvia G. Priori, MD, PhD¶,
Peter J. Schwartz, MD#,
Jeffrey A. Towbin, MD**,
G. Michael Vincent, MD and
Li Zhang, MD
* Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Molecular Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
Department of Cardiology, Bikur Cholim Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
|| The Heart and Vascular Research Center, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
¶ Cardiovascular Department De Gasperis, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy; Molecular Cardiology, Fondazione S. Maugeri
# Department of Cardiology, Policlinico S. Matteo IRCCS, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
** Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier Curves
Kaplan-Meier curves for the cumulative probability of a first cardiac event from age 15 through age 40 in women who were nulliparous without a live birth, those who had a live birth before 1980, and those who had a live birth between 1980 and 2003.
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Figure 2 Annualized Cardiac Event Rates
Annualized cardiac event rates (syncope and aborted cardiac arrest [ACA]/long QT syndrome [LQTS]-related death) for defined pregnancy-related time periods for 391 women who had a live birth between 1980 and 2003. See text for definitions of time periods.
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Figure 3 Cumulative Probability
Cumulative probability of a first cardiac event during 48 months after first conception after age 15 in the 391 women who had a live birth between 1980 and 2003.
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Figure 4 Annualized Cardiac Event Rates
Annualized cardiac event rates (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest, or long QT syndrome [LQTS] death) by genotype (LQT1, LQT2, LQT3, nongenotyped) for defined pregnancy-related time periods for 391 women who had a live birth. None of the 12 LQT3 women had a cardiac event during the post-postpartum period.
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Figure 5 Annualized Cardiac Event Rates
Annualized cardiac event rates by beta-blocker use in the pregnancy, postpartum, and post-postpartum time periods for 391 women who had a live birth between 1980 and 2003. Beta-blockers were associated with a significant reduction (p = 0.01) in the annualized cardiac event rate during the high-risk postpartum time period. See text for details.
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