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Acute Effects of High-Fat Meals Enriched With Walnuts or Olive Oil on Postprandial Endothelial Function

Berenice Cortés, BS^_*,,1, Isabel Núñez, MD^,1, Montserrat Cofán, PhD, Rosa Gilabert, MD, PhD, Ana Pérez-Heras, RD, Elena Casals, MD, PhD, Ramón Deulofeu, PhD and Emilio Ros, MD, PhD^,_*

^_* Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Secció d’Ecografia, Centre de Diagnòstic per l’Imatge, Barcelona, Spain
Unitat de Lípids, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Barcelona, Spain
Centre de Diagnòstic Biològic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 1 Mean flow-mediated dilation before and 4 h after fatty meals with added olive oil (squares) or walnuts (triangles). Vertical bars indicate SE. Time–period interaction: p = 0.006 by repeated-measures analysis of variance.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 2 Changes from baseline of variables related to glycemic control and triglycerides after the test meals in study groups. Vertical bars are 95% confidence interval. No group, time, or period interactions were observed for any of the variables by repeated-measures analysis of variance. FFA = free fatty acids; HC = hypercholesterolemia group.

View larger version (24K): [in this window] [in a new window] [Download PPT slide]   Figure 3 Changes from baseline of inflammation and endothelial activation markers and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) after the test meals in study groups. Vertical bars are 95% confidence interval. *Greater reduction after the walnut meal compared with the olive oil meal (time–period interaction: p = 0.033 by repeated-measures analysis of variance). sICAM-1 = soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1; sTNF = soluble tumor necrosis factor; sVCAM-1 = soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.