This Article Abstract Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (29) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Lin, Y.-J. Articles by Chen, S.-A. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Lin, Y.-J. Articles by Chen, S.-A.

Frequency Analysis in Different Types of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Yenn-Jiang Lin, MD^_*,, Ching-Tai Tai, MD^_*, Tsair Kao, PhD, Han-Wen Tso, MS, Satoshi Higa, MD^_*, Hsuan-Ming Tsao, MD^_*, Shih-Lin Chang, MD^_*,, Ming-Hsiung Hsieh, MD^_*, and Shih-Ann Chen, MD^_*,,_*

^_* Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

View larger version (89K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Fluoroscopic views (right anterior oblique [RAO] 30°, left anterior oblique [LAO] 45°) of multiple catheters simultaneously placed in the left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), coronary sinus (CS), and superior vena cava (SVC) to the right atrium (RA). His = His bundle.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Multi-site bipolar recordings and frequency analysis results in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), originating from the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV). A single dominant frequency (DF) peak could be found within multiple peaks with a lower power and harmonics for each spectrum, indicating the DF. A highest DF of 10.5 Hz was found within the RSPV ostium with a regular rapid activation recorded in the local electrograms. The DF inside the RSPV, other pulmonary veins (PVs), and left atrium (LA) had a lower DF of 6.3 to 7.3 Hz (B to D). The frequency of the more distal sites, such as the superior vena cava (SVC), right atrium (RA), and coronary sinus (CS), had an even lower DF of 5 to 5.6 Hz. There was a frequency gradient from the ostium of the arrhythmogenic vein to the nearby atrium and then to the other atrium. LIPV = left inferior pulmonary vein; LSPV = left superior pulmonary vein; RIPV = right inferior pulmonary vein.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 (A) In the PV-AF patients, the DF of the PV ostium was significantly higher than the DF of the LA (near the PV ostium), and the DF of the LA was significantly higher than that of the RA (posterolateral wall). The lowest DFs were located in the CS, RA, and SVC, which were far away from the highest DF and the initiating ectopy. (B) In the patients with SVC-AF, the DF was highest inside the SVC or SVC ostium, with a significant frequency gradient to the RA, LA, PV, and CS. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Multi-site bipolar recordings and frequency analysis results in the patients with paroxysmal AF originating from the SVC. A highest DF of 7.7 Hz was found around the SVC ostium near the right atrium. The DF of the SVC and RA was lower, ranging from 5.9 to 6.1 Hz. The frequency of the more distal sites, such as the SVC, RA, and CS, had an even lower DF of 5 to 5.8 Hz. There was a frequency gradient from the arrhythmogenic SVC-RA junction to the rest of the atria and other thoracic veins. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.