The Influence of Age, Gender, and Training on Exercise Efficiency
J. Susie Woo, MD*,
Christina Derleth, MD*,
John R. Stratton, MD, FACC , and
Wayne C. Levy, MD, FACC ,*
* Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Department of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
Department of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington

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Figure 1 The young (n = 27) showed no change in efficiency, whereas the older subjects (n = 34) showed a 30% increase in efficiency with exercise training.
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Figure 2 With exercise training, the elderly subjects showed a greater relative increase in exercise efficiency than their younger counterparts, for both total maximal workload (p < 0.0001 for age x training effect), and for a matched submaximal workload of walking at 3.5 mph at 0 grade for 2 min (p = 0.059).
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