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Patent Foramen Ovale: Innocent or Guilty?

Evidence From a Prospective Population-Based Study

Irene Meissner, MD^_*,||,_*, Bijoy K. Khandheria, MD, John A. Heit, MD^_*, George W. Petty, MD^_*, Sheldon G. Sheps, MD, Gary L. Schwartz, MD, Jack P. Whisnant, MD, David O. Wiebers, MD^_*,||, Jody L. Covalt^¶, Tanya M. Petterson^||, Teresa J.H. Christianson^|| and Yoram Agmon, MD^_*

^_* Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
^|| Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
^¶ Stroke Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
^|| Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival free of cerebrovascular events in 577 subjects according to presence of patent foramen ovale (PFO).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival free of cerebrovascular events in 585 subjects according to presence of atrial septal aneurysm (ASA).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier estimate of survival free of cerebrovascular events in 585 subjects according to presence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in different populations. Pop Cntrl = population-based randomly selected controls; Pop Crypto = population-based cryptogenic stroke; Ref Cntrl = referred control subjects/patients; Ref Crypto = referred cryptogenic stroke patients.