Clinical Outcome of 193 Extracardiac Fontan Patients
The First 15 Years
Salvatore Giannico, MD*,*,
Fatma Hammad, MD ,
Antonio Amodeo, MD*,
Guido Michielon, MD*,
Fabrizio Drago, MD*,
Attilio Turchetta, MD,
Roberto Di Donato, MD* and
Stephen P. Sanders, MD, FACC*
* Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Rome, Italy
Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Ges Hospital, Rome, Italy
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Figure 2 Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of freedom from late Fontan failure (probability of survival with an intact Fontan circulation; time zero is discharge from the hospital or the 30th day after surgery). Patients who did not experience a late failure of the Fontan circulation (death, takedown, or heart transplantation) were censored at the time of the last follow-up.
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Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of freedom from cavopulmonary pathway obstructions and catheter-based re-intervention. Time zero in this and subsequent graphs is 30 days after extracardiac Fontan procedure.
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Figure 4 The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of freedom from arrhythmia.
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Figure 5 The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of freedom from all re-interventions.
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Figure 6 The Kaplan-Meier estimates of the probability of freedom from pacemaker implantation.
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One patient with conduit stenosis and LPA stenosis. 
One patient with ventricular failure and conduit stenosis. *One patient with ventricular failure and atrial arrhythmias. #One patient with ventricular failure and LPA stenosis. °One patient with atrioventricular block (AVB) and LPA stenosis. AVR = aortic valve replacement; HT = heart transplantation; PBA = percutaneous balloon angioplasty; PMK = pacemaker.