Coronary Calcium Independently Predicts Incident Premature Coronary Heart Disease Over Measured Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Mean Three-Year Outcomes in the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium (PACC) Project
Allen J. Taylor, MD*,
Jody Bindeman, BSN,
Irwin Feuerstein, MD,
Felix Cao, MS,
Michael Brazaitis, MD and
Patrick G. O’Malley, MD, MPH
Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Figure 1 Hazard ratio plot for coronary heart disease (CHD) events including death, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction for male Prospective Army Coronary Calcium project participants with (–) (n = 364) and without (+) (n = 1,263) coronary artery calcium (CAC).
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Figure 2 Hazard ratio plot for coronary heart disease (CHD) events including death, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction for male Prospective Army Coronary Calcium project participants with coronary calcium (n = 364) categorized into calcium score tertiles. CCS = coronary calcium score.
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Figure 3 Three-dimensional bar graph showing the interaction of the relative risk reduction (RRR) of coronary interventions and the total proportion of the screened population to be considered as at risk (using both the Framingham risk score [FRS] and coronary calcium testing together) on cost effectiveness (quality-adjusted life years [QALY]). The yellow bar indicates the base case for the Prospective Army Coronary Calcium project. CAC = coronary artery calcium.
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