Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in the Brachial Artery Is Associated With Late In-Stent Coronary Restenosis
Yoshinobu Kitta, MD,
Takamitsu Nakamura, MD,
Yasushi Kodama, MD,
Hajime Takano, MD, PhD,
Ken Umetani, MD, PhD,
Daisuke Fujioka, MD,
Yukio Saito, MD,
Ken-ichi Kawabata, MD, PhD,
Jyun-ei Obata, MD, PhD,
Yoshihide Ichigi, MD,
Akira Mende, MD and
Kiyotaka Kugiyama, MD, PhD*
Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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Figure 1 Comparison of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery at coronary stenting (Initial) and at the six-month follow-up (Follow-up) between patients with (n = 46) and without (n = 95) in-stent restenosis (ISR). The control subjects (n = 48) with normal coronary angiograms were selected to match age and gender of the patients with stenting and served as comparison of FMD with the patients. Data are expressed as mean ± SE. *p < 0.01 versus initial FMD in patients without ISR;  p < 0.01 versus control subjects.
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Figure 2 Correlations of late luminal loss with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at coronary stenting (Initial FMD, upper panel), at the six-month follow-up (Follow-up FMD, middle panel), and with changes in FMD from the initial FMD to the follow-up FMD (lower panel).
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Figure 3 Incremental effects on the relative risk for late in-stent restenosis of the combination of impairment of follow-up flow-mediated dilation (FMD) with chest-pain positive (upper panel) and positive exercise electrocardiographic test (lower panel).
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