Novel Metabolic Risk Factors for Heart Failure
Erik Ingelsson, MD, PhD*,*,
Johan Ärnlöv, MD, PhD*,
Johan Sundström, MD, PhD*,
Björn Zethelius, MD, PhD*,
Bengt Vessby, MD, PhD* and
Lars Lind, MD, PhD ,
* Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Section of Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Astra Zeneca R and D, Mölndal, Sweden.
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Figure 1 Boxes are point estimates of multivariable Cox proportional hazards ratios (lines indicate 95% confidence intervals) for a one-standard deviation increase of the continuous variables (fasting proinsulin, apolipoprotein B/A-I ratio [APOB/APOA-I], beta-carotene, and body mass index) and for occurrence versus non-occurrence of dichotomous variables (hypertension, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, and interim myocardial infarction) as predictors of heart failure incidence in middle-aged men free from heart failure and valvular disease at baseline. (A) Variables that remained independently significant in Table 3, with the addition of interim myocardial infarction. (B) Subsample of subjects free from myocardial infarction at baseline and during follow-up.
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Figure 2 Nelson-Aalen plots of cumulative incidence of heart failure in the cohort, free from heart failure and valvular disease at baseline, by two groups (above vs. below median) of fasting proinsulin (A), apolipoprotein B/A-I ratio (APOB/APOA-I) (B), and beta-carotene (C).
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