Erythropoietin Induces Neovascularization and Improves Cardiac Function in Rats With Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction
Peter van der Meer, MD*, ,*,
Erik Lipsic, MD*, ,
Robert H. Henning, MD, PhD ,
Kristien Boddeus, BSc ,
Jolanda van der Velden, PhD ,
Adriaan A. Voors, MD, PhD*,
Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, MD, PhD, FACC*,
Wiek H. van Gilst, PhD*, and
Regien G. Schoemaker, PhD
* Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Laboratory for Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

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Figure 1 Effects of myocardial infarction (MI) and erythropoietin (EPO) treatment on hemodynamic parameters. dLVP = developed left ventricular pressure; LVEDP = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; LVSP = left ventricular systolic pressure; +dP/dtmax = maximal rate of increase; dP/dtmax = decrease of ventricular pressure. *p < 0.05 vs. MI; **p < 0.01 vs. MI; #p < 0.01 vs. sham.
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Figure 2 Plasma N-terminal atrial natiuretic peptide (N-terminal ANP) levels. EPO = erythropoietin. *p < 0.05 vs. myocardial infarction (MI); **p < 0.01 vs. MI; #p < 0.01 vs. sham.
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Figure 3 (A) Gomori-stained sections in the left ventricular viable wall of the five different groups, showing individual myocytes. (B) Bar graphs showing the actual measurements for the myocyte cross-sectional area in the different experimental groups. EPO = erythropoietin; MI = myocardial infarction. #p < 0.05 vs. sham.
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Figure 4 Effects of myocardial infarction (MI) and erythropoietin (EPO) treatment on beta-myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expression as a percentage of total MHC expression. *p < 0.05 vs. MI; #p < 0.01 vs. sham.
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Figure 5 (A) Tissue sections stained with lectin in the viable free wall of the five different groups, showing individual capillaries. (B) Actual measurements for capillary density in number of capillaries per mm2. (C) Bar graphs representing the capillary-to-myocyte ratio in the different treatment groups. EPO = erythropoietin. *p < 0.05 vs. myocardial infarction (MI); **p < 0.01 vs. MI; #p < 0.01 vs. sham.
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