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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2005; 45:1474-1481, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.01.031
© 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Mortality Reduction by Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in High-Risk Patients With Heart Failure, Ischemic Heart Disease, and New-Onset Ventricular Arrhythmia

An Effectiveness Study

Paul S. Chan, MD*,* and Rodney A. Hayward, MD{dagger},{ddagger}

* Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine
{dagger} VA Center for Practice Management and Outcomes Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
{ddagger} Departments of Internal Medicine and Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.



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  		Figure 1 Unadjusted cardiovascular and noncardiovascular rates of mortality (in %) by treatment group. CV = cardiovascular mortality; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

 


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  		Figure 2 Covariate distribution by propensity score quintile. Patients in the lowest propensity score quintile (Q1) are more likely to be older (mean ages for Q1, Q3, and Q5 of 72, 68, and 64, respectively) and have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke, renal failure (Renal), morbid obesity, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), and an index arrhythmia of cardiac arrest (Arrest). CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting; HTN = hypertension; lipid = hyperlipidemia; MI = myocardial infarction; PTCA = percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; V. Fib = ventricular fibrillation; V. Tach = ventricular tachycardia; Q1 = quintile 1; Q3 = quintile 3; and Q5 = quintile 5 for propensity scores.

 




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