An Expandable Percutaneous Catheter Pump for Left Ventricular Support
Proof of Concept
Thomas Schmitz-Rode, MD*,*,
Jürgen Graf, MD ,
Joachim G. Pfeffer, MD*,
Frank Buss*,
Christoph Brücker, PhD and
Rolf W. Günther, MD
* Department of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Department of Cardiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Aerodynamic Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Figure 1 Catheter pump with expanded pump housing (expanded diameter, 6.5 mm; introduction diameter, 9-F).
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Figure 2 Schematic drawing of catheter pump position: expanded pump housing with inlet tip within the left ventricle, outlet tubing with the outlet slits in the aortic root. The dark shadow within the pump body indicates the position of the impeller.
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Figure 3 In vitro flow circuit for optical flow investigation of the pump.
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Figure 4 Spot film of the animal experimental set-up: 1) expanded catheter pump in a transvalvular aortic position (white notched arrows); 2) tip marker of the delivery sheath (thick white notched arrow); 3) inflated balloon catheter in the left anterior descending coronary artery to provoke cardiogenic shock (thin white arrow); and 4) Swan-Ganz catheter in the pulmonary artery for cardiac output measurement (black arrows).
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Figure 5 Pump performance chart: flow versus pressure at operating rotation speed of 32,000 rpm.
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Figure 6 Instantaneous vector field of velocity distribution in the central plane at the entrance of the blade’s passage. Coordinates are normalized with the rotor diameter. The origin of the axis system is fixed with the leading edge of the rotor. The vortex structure indicates the typical tip clearance vortex observed in fluid dynamics of turbines.
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Figure 7 Percentage cardiac output compared with baseline values (black bar, n = 7) depicted as mean values ± SD after the induction of acute left ventricular (LV) failure without (white bar) and with pump support (striped bar). Significant changes between all time points (chi-square test 18.95, p < 0.0001).
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Figure 8 Percentage mean aortic blood pressure compared with baseline values (black bar, n = 7) depicted as mean values ± SD after the induction of acute left ventricular (LV) failure without (white bar) and with pump support (striped bar). Significant changes between all time points (chi-square test 12.29, p < 0.0003).
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