Apparently normal mitral valves in patients with heart failure demonstrate biochemical and structural derangements
An extracellular matrix and echocardiographic study
K. Jane Grande-Allen, PhD*,*,
Allen G. Borowski, RDCS ,
Richard W. Troughton, MB ChB, PhD, FRACP,
Penny L. Houghtaling, MS ,
Nicholas R. DiPaola, PhD, ,
Christine S. Moravec, PhD,,
Ivan Vesely, PhD|| and
Brian P. Griffin, MD, FACC
* Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
Cardiovascular Medicine
Biostatistics
Kaufman Center for Heart Failure
|| Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Figure 1 The extracellular matrix concentrations in control (white bars) and congestive heart failure (CHF) (black bars) mitral valves: (a) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), (b) collagen, (c) glycosaminoglycan (GAG), (d) water. The p values indicate difference versus control valves.
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Figure 2 Significant or slight differences in extracellular matrix concentrations between control (white bars), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (lined bars), and/or ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) (checkered bars) groups (diagnostic subgroups for congestive heart failure): (a) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), (b) collagen, (c) glycosaminoglycan (GAG), (d) water. The p values indicate difference versus control group.
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Figure 3 The extracellular matrix data segregated according to absence or presence of normal anterior leaflet redundancy. GAGs = glycosaminoglycans.
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Figure 4 Proposed mechanism for secondary valvular remodeling. GAGs = glycosaminoglycans; MR = mitral regurgitation.
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