Beat-to-beat analysis of pressure wave morphology for pre-symptomatic detection of orthostatic intolerance during head-up tilt
Salvatore M. Romano, PhD*,
Chiara Lazzeri, MD,
Marco Chiostri, MD,
Gian Franco Gensini, MD and
Franco Franchi, MD
Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, University of Florence, School of Medicine, Florence, Italy
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Figure 1 The behavior of systolic, diastolic, and dicrotic blood pressures as well as heart rate in healthy subjects (HS) (dashed lines) and in orthostatic intolerant patients (OIP) (continuous lines) during head-up tilt test. *p < 0.05 HS versus OIP; #p < 0.05 in HS;  p < 0.05 in OIP.
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Figure 2 The behavior of stroke volume index, systemic vascular resistance, and pulse pressure in healthy subjects (HS) (dashed lines) and in orthostatic intolerant patients (OIP) (continuous lines) during head-up tilt test. *p < 0.05 HS versus OIP; #p < 0.05 in HS; p < 0.05 in OIP.
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Figure 3 Example of the hemodynamic profile of one patient (female, body surface area = 1.46 m2) who developed syncope during head-up tilt. CO = cardiac output; HR = heart rate; SV = stroke volume.
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