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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 44:245-251, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.05.023
© 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Working group 4: International medical graduates and the cardiology workforce

William A. Zoghbi, MD, FACC, Chair, Jorge R. Alegria, MD, George A. Beller, MD, MACC, W. Daniel Doty, MD, FACC, Robert H. Jones, MD, FACC, Arthur J. Labovitz, MD, FACC, Guy S. Reeder, MD, FACC and Hector O. Ventura, MD, FACC



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  		Figure 1 Percentage growth of international medical graduate (IMG) practicing cardiologists. Source: American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the U.S. 2002–2003 Edition. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 2002.

 


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  		Figure 2 International medical graduates' (IMGs) visa status: approximately one-half of IMGs in U.S. residencies are U.S. citizens or permanent residents. Source: Area Resource File 2003. The National Center for Health Workforce Analysis, Bureau of Health Professions, Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA).

 


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  		Figure 3 Country of medical education, active international medical graduate (IMG) physicians, 2002. Note: chart includes trainees from Canada which are normally excluded when considering IMGs. Nearly 1 in 5 (18%) IMGs come from India, and 1 in 10 (9%) come from Philippines. Source: Area Resource File, 2002, DHHS, HRSA/BHPr/NCHWA.

 


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  		Figure 4 International medical graduate (IMG) registrations for the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 and step 2 examinations. Source: A coming shortage of foreign-trained doctors? ACP-ASIM Online http://www.acponline.org/journals/news/sep01/imgs.htm. Accessed August 19, 2003.

 


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  		Figure 5 Comparison of scores on the in-training examination in internal medicine between international medical graduates and U.S. medical school graduates. In each cohort, resident performance on the examination is shown by training year (postgraduate year 1, 2, or 3 [PGY1, PGY2, PGY3]). *Examination was administered in October instead of July. Reprinted with permission from Garibaldi et al. Ann Intern Med 2002;137:505–10.

 




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