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Tcap gene mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy

Takeharu Hayashi, MD, PhD^*, Takuro Arimura, DVM, PhD^*, Manatsu Itoh-Satoh, MD, PhD^*, Kazuo Ueda, MD^*, Shigeru Hohda, MD, PhD^*, Natsuko Inagaki, MD^*, Megumi Takahashi, MS^*, Hisae Hori, PhD^*, Michio Yasunami, MD, PhD^*, Hirofumi Nishi, MD, PhD, Yoshinori Koga, MD, PhD, Hiroshi Nakamura, MD, PhD, Masunori Matsuzaki, MD, PhD, Bo Yoon Choi, MS, Sung Won Bae, PhD, Cheol Woon You, MD, Kyung Hoon Han, MD^||, Jeong Euy Park, MD, Ralph Knöll, MD, PhD^¶, Masahiko Hoshijima, MD, PhD^¶, Kenneth R. Chien, MD, PhD^¶ and Akinori Kimura, MD, PhD^*,*

^* Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Medical Research Institute, and Laboratory of Genome Diversity, School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Cardiology, Kurume University Medical School, Kurume, Japan
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
^|| Cardiology Division, Han Kook General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
^¶ Institute of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Medicine, Psychiatry, and Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Schematic representation of Z-disc proteins. The Z-disc proteins mentioned in the text and their interactions are schematically shown. CS-1 = calsarcin-1; MLP = muscle LIM protein; PKC = protein kinase C; ZASP = Z-band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Mutational analysis of TCAP in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Filled and open symbols indicate affected and unaffected individuals, respectively. The presence (+) or absence (–) of a TCAP mutation is noted. SCD = sudden cardiac death (JH14: II-4 and II-5 died after exercise at age 44 and 33 years, respectively; JH945: I-1 died after exercise at age 34 years). (a) Pedigree of a Japanese HCM family. The arrow indicates the proband (JH945 II-2). A TCAP mutation was found in II-2 and III-1. (b) Direct sequencing data of TCAP exon 2 from a control (left) and the proband (right). Codon 137 of the control was ACA (Thr), whereas the patient was heterozygous for an ATA mutation (Ile). (c) Pedigree of another Japanese HCM family. A TCAP mutation was found in II-1, II-3, III-1, and III-2. (d) Direct sequencing data of TCAP exon 2 from a control and the proband (JH14 II-1). Codon 153 of the control was CGT (Arg), whereas the patient was heterozygous for a CAT mutation (His).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Mutational analyses of TCAP and MYBPC3 in a Korean family. (a) Pedigree of a Korean family with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Right-half-filled and left-half-filled symbols indicate DCM and HCM, respectively. Plus symbols to the right and left of individual IDs represent TCAP (E132Q) and MYBPC3 (S236G) mutations, respectively. A TCAP mutation was found in I-2, II-5, and III-4, whereas an MYBPC3 mutation was found in I-3, I-4, II-3, III-1, and III-2. Open symbols represent individuals without cardiac disease phenotypes. SCD = sudden cardiac death (II-4: suffered from heart failure and died suddenly at the age of 26 years). (b) Direct sequencing data of TCAP exon 2 from a control and the proband (SM728 II-5). Codon 132 of the control was GAG (Glu), whereas that of SM728 was heterozygous for a CAG mutation (Gln). (c) Direct sequencing data of MYBPC3 exon 6 from the mother of the proband (SM728 I-3). Codon 236 of the control was AGC (Ser), whereas that of the mother was heterozygous for a GGC mutation (Gly).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Alignment of Tcap amino acid sequences. The amino acid sequence of human Tcap was aligned with that of bovine, rat, and mouse Tcaps. The mutations found in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are represented along with the phosphorylation site, Ser157, indicated by an arrowhead. Dashes indicate identity to human Tcap.

View larger version (62K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 The glutathion S-transferase (GST) pull-down competition assays between Tcap and the other Z-disc components. Wild-type (WT) and mutant (R87Q, E132Q, T137I, R153H, S157A, and S157D) Tcap (test-Tcap) and a short Tcap (amino acids 1–120, comp-Tcap) were fused to Thio and T7-tag at the N- and C-terminus, respectively. MLP, titin (Z1-Z2 domain), and calsarcin-1 (CS-1) were fused to GST. The molecular weights of GST-titin, GST-MLP, GST-CS-1, test-Tcap, and comp-Tcap are 50, 47, 39, 35, and 30 kd, respectively. Equivalent amounts of test-Tcap (indicated by arrowheads) and comp-Tcap (indicated by arrows) were mixed with each GST-fusion protein. After incubation and washing, the complex was resolved in SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with anti-GST antibody and anti-T7 antibody. (a) Input amounts of test-Tcap and comp-Tcap; (b) GST-MLP protein and Tcap proteins in complex; (c) GST-titin protein and Tcap proteins in complex; and (d) GST-CS-1 protein and Tcap proteins in complex.