The Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) study
Approaches to control rate in atrial fibrillation
Brian Olshansky, MD, FACC*,*,
Lynda E. Rosenfeld, MD, FACC ,
Alberta L. Warner, MD, FACC ,
Allen J. Solomon, MD, FACC ,
Gearoid O'Neill, MD, FACC||,
Arjun Sharma, MD, FACC||,
Edward Platia, MD, FACC¶,
Gregory K. Feld, MD, FACC#,
Toshio Akiyama, MD, FACC**,
Michael A. Brodsky, MD, FACC,
H. Leon Greene, MD, FACC AFFIRM Investigators
* University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
|| Sutter Institute for Medical Research, Sacramento, California, USA
¶ Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
# University of California, San Diego, California, USA
** University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
University of Washington and Axio Research Corporation, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Figure 1 Time to discontinuation of rate-control therapy. Patients are classified by whether they started therapy on a beta-blocker (with or without digoxin), calcium channel blocker (with or without digoxin), or digoxin alone. Time zero is the day of randomization into the main AFFIRM study.
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Figure 2 Rate control throughout the AFFIRM study. Time zero is the day of randomization. Rate control improved throughout the study.
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