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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2004; 43:1047-1055, doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.029
© 2004 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

The life study

Stevo Julius, MD*,*, Michael H. Alderman, MD{dagger}, Gareth Beevers, MD{ddagger}, Björn Dahlöf, MD§, Richard B. Devereux, MD, FACC||, Janice G. Douglas, MD, Jonathan M. Edelman, MD#, Katherine E. Harris, DrPH#, Sverre E. Kjeldsen, MD**, Shawna Nesbitt, MD{dagger}{dagger}, Otelio S. Randall, MD{ddagger}{ddagger} and Jackson T. Wright, Jr, MD, PhD

* Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
{dagger} Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
{ddagger} City Hospital, Birmingham, England, UK
§ Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Östra, Göteborg, Sweden
|| Division of Cardiology, Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
Case Western Reserve University, Division of Hypertension, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
# Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
** Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Department of Cardiology, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway, USA
{dagger}{dagger} Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hypertension, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
{ddagger}{ddagger} Howard University Hospital, General Clinical Research Center, Washington, DC, USA



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Figure 1 Results of primary composite end point by ethnic group. The dots represent the hazard ratio; dot size is proportional to the number of patients for each ethnic group, as shown to the left. The line through each dot corresponds to the 95% confidence interval.

 


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Figure 2 Results of primary composite end point by ethnic group in the U.S.: blacks versus non-blacks.

 


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Figure 3 Primary composite end point: unadjusted and adjusted for baseline covariates in U.S. blacks (triangles) versus non-blacks (squares). Symbols represent the hazard ratio; the line through each symbol corresponds to the 95% confidence interval. DBP = diastolic blood pressure; FRS = Framingham risk score; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; SBP = systolic blood pressure.

 


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Figure 4 Blood pressure results in the U.S.: blacks versus non-blacks.

 




 
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