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Intravascular ultrasound molecular imaging of atheroma components in vivo

Andrew J. Hamilton, MD^*,*, Shao-Ling Huang, PhD, Drew Warnick, BS^*, Mark Rabbat, BS^*, Bonnie Kane, BS^*, Ashwin Nagaraj, PhD^*, Melvin Klegerman, PhD and David D. McPherson, MD^*

^* Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
EchoDynamics, College Park, Maryland, USA

View larger version (157K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 An immunohistochemistry-stained slide in an early atheroma-induced left femoral artery. Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule stains brown and occurs both in the intima/endothelium and adventitia. Notice the cellular proliferation of the intima from the atheroma.

View larger version (108K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 The intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of a right femoral artery showing enhancement of injured endothelium by anti-fibrinogen conjugated echogenic immunoliposome (ELIP). (a) After saline injection and (b) 5 min after 8 mg anti-fibrinogen conjugated ELIP. Because of blooming of the endothelium from ELIP enhancement, the media is the black rim and some of the white rim from the intima. Arrows indicate enhanced endothelium. A = dense adventitia; I = intima; M = media.

View larger version (69K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 The intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of a left carotid artery showing atheroma enhancement by anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) conjugated echogenic immunoliposome (ELIP). (a) After saline injection, (b) 5 min after 5 mg unconjugated ELIP, and (c) 5 min after 5 mg VCAM-conjugated ELIP. Arrows indicate enhanced atheroma. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 The intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images of a left carotid artery showing atheroma enhancement by anti-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) conjugated echogenic immunoliposome (ELIP). (a) After saline injection, (b) 5 min after 5 mg unconjugated ELIP, and (c) 5 min after 5 mg ICAM-conjugated ELIP. Notice the additional enhancement of the adventitia outside the area highlighted by the arrows, indicating adventitial enhancement by ELIP, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry (see Fig. 1). Arrows indicate enhanced intima/atheroma. Abbreviations as in Figure 2.