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Exercise acutely increases circulating endothelial progenitor cells and monocyte-/macrophage-derived angiogenic cells

Jalees Rehman, MD^*,*, Jingling Li, MS^*, Lakshmi Parvathaneni, MD^*, Gudjon Karlsson, MD^*, Vipul R. Panchal, MD^*, Constance J. Temm, PhD, Jo Mahenthiran, MD^* and Keith L. March, MD, PhD^*

^* Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana USA
R. L. Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were identified in whole blood using the stem/progenitor cell marker AC133 and the endothelial marker VE-Cadherin (A). Non-endothelial stem/progenitor cells also increased (B), but the EPC fraction of AC133+ cells showed the most prominent increase (C). White bars = pre-exercise; black bars = post-exercise. Data are given as mean ± SEM.

View larger version (82K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM 510 UV, 100x oil immersion objective) of a representative sample illustrates that pre-exercise adherent cells were positive for the uptake of DiI-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (red) (a) and the binding of FITC-Ulex-Lectin (green) (b). Visualization of nuclei with DAPI (blue) (c) and the overlay of all three fluorescence images (d) demonstrate that all adherent cells fulfill cultured angiogenic cell criteria (acLDL+/Ulex-Lectin+). Respective post-exercise cultured angiogenic cells are shown in the lower panels (e to h). Bar = 25 µm.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Cultured angiogenic cells were markedly higher per ml of peripheral blood following exercise (A). The increase in cultured angiogenic cells/106 plated mononuclear cells (MNCs) was also statistically significant (B), thus suggesting that cultured angiogenic cells increase more than overall mononuclear cells following exercise. White circles = individual values; black circles = mean ± SEM.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Pre-and post-exercise cultured angiogenic cells showed similar levels of endothelial growth factor secretion (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], hepatocyte growth factor [HGF], A) and colony stimulating factor secretion (granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor [G-CSF, GM-CSF], B) over a 72-h period.