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Depressive symptoms are the strongest predictors of short-term declines in health status in patients with heart failure

John S. Rumsfeld, MD, PhD, FACC^*,*, Edward Havranek, MD, FACC, Frederick A. Masoudi, MD, MSPH, FACC, Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH, FACC, Philip Jones, MS, Joseph F. Tooley, PharmD^||, Harlan M. Krumholz, MD, FACC^¶, John A. Spertus, MD, MPH, FACC Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Consortium (CORC)

^* Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, ColoradoUSA
Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Mid-America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
^|| Pharmacia Corporation, Skokie, Illinois, USA
^¶ Yale University Medical Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 The unadjusted association between depressive symptoms and change in heart failure-specific health status as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ): change on the KCCQ summary score between baseline and the 6 ± 2 week follow-up assessment. White bars = non-depressed patients; shaded bars = depressed patients. p < 0.001 for main effect of depression.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 The unadjusted association between depressive symptoms and change in heart failure symptoms as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ): change on the KCCQ symptom score between baseline and the 6 ± 2 week follow-up assessment. White bars = non-depressed patients; shaded bars = depressed patients. p < 0.001 for main effect of depression.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 The unadjusted association between depressive symptoms and change in functional status as measured by the 6-min walk test: change in 6-min walk distance (m) between baseline and the 6 ± 2 week follow-up assessment. White bars = non-depressed patients; shaded bars = depressed patients. p < 0.001 for main effect of depression.