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Expression of angiotensin II receptors in human left and right atrial tissue in atrial fibrillation with and without underlying mitral valve disease

Andreas Boldt, MSc^*,*, Ulrike Wetzel, MD, Josef Weigl, Jens Garbade, MD^*, Jörg Lauschke, Gerhard Hindricks, MD, Hans Kottkamp, MD, Jan Fritz Gummert, MD^* and Stefan Dhein, MD^*

^* University of Leipzig, Heart Center, Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Electrophysiology, Leipzig, Germany

View larger version (155K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Immunostaining of angiotensin II (ANGII) receptors. Exemplary pictures of immunostaining of ANGII subtypes in human left atrial tissue. (A, B) Antibodies against human AT1 (red-stained pixels) in sinus rhythm (SR) (A) and lone chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF) (B) were used for immunostaining in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. (C, D) Antibodies against human AT2 (red-stained pixels) were used for immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tissue sections of patients with SR (C) and lone CAF (D).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Exemplary Western blots for human AT1 (A) and AT2 (B) expression in atrial fibrillation (AF). (A) A specific band at 52 kDa for AT1 is detected in left atrial tissue of patients in sinus rhythm (SR), lone chronic atrial fibrillation (CAF), and patients with CAF and underlying mitral valve disease (MVD). (B) Western blots for AT2 with a specific band at 52 kDa were performed for patients with SR, lone CAF, and MVD + CAF. Monoclonal antibodies for human glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) with a specific band at 36 kDA were used as reference.

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Basic differences in AT1 and AT2 expression and ratio of AT1/AT2 in (A)/(B) atrial tissue of patients in sinus rhythm (SR) versus atrial fibrillation (AF); (A) Comparison of left atrial tissue of patients in SR (left columns) and AF (right columns). (B) Comparison of right atrial tissue of patients in SR (left columns) and AF (right columns). GAPDH = glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Influence of mitral valve disease (MVD) on angiotensin II receptor expression. (A) Expression of AT1 and AT2 and ratio AT1/AT2 in left atrial tissue of patients with MVD (sinus rhythm [SR] and atrial fibrillation [AF], left columns) and without MVD (SR and AF, right columns). (B) AT1 and (C) AT2 expression and ratio of AT1/AT2 (D) in left atrial tissue of patients in SR, lone AF, and AF with underlying MVD. GAPDH = glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Figure 5 Influence of paroxysmal and chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Quantitative analysis of AT1 (A) and AT2 (B) expression and ratio of AT1/AT2 (C) in left atrial tissue of patients in sinus rhythm (SR), lone AF, and patients with AF and underlying MVD. Lone AF and mitral valve disease (MVD) + AF were divided into paroxysmal AF (PAF) and chronic AF (CAF). AT II = angiotensin II; GAPDH = glyceralaldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.