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Combining low-intensity and maximal exercise test results improves prognostic prediction in chronic heart failure

Hans Rickli, MD^*, Wolfgang Kiowski, MD^*, Manuel Brehm^*, Daniel Weilenmann, MD^*, Christoph Schalcher, MD^*, Alain Bernheim, MD^*, Erwin Oechslin, MD^* and Hans Peter Brunner-La Rocca, MD^*,*

^* Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
Division of Cardiology, Kantonsspital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Survival free of urgent transplantation (TPL) in patients with relatively preserved (top; VO2max >50%) and reduced (bottom; VO2max <50%) peak exercise capacity in relation to oxygen uptake kinetics at start of low-intensity exercise (mean response time of oxygen uptake at onset of exercise >50 and <50 s).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Survival free of (A) urgent transplantation (TPL) and (B) cardiac survival in relation to the number of risk factors (mean response time of oxygen uptake at onset of exercise >50 s, VO2max <50%, resting systolic blood pressure <105 mm Hg).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Percentage of end points after one year in relation to the number of risk factors (for definition, see Fig. 1). Solid bar = 0 or 1 risk factor; bar with diagonal lines = 2 risk factors; dotted bars = 3 risk factors.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Survival free of urgent transplantation (TPL) stratified by the number of risk factors in patients (A) without and (B) with beta-blockade.