Modulating effects of age and gender on the clinical course of long QT syndrome by genotype
Wojciech Zareba, MD, PhD, FACC*,*,
Arthur J. Moss, MD, FACC*,
Emanuela H. Locati, MD, PhD ,
Michael H. Lehmann, MD, FACC ,
Derick R. Peterson, PhD ,
W. Jackson Hall, PhD ,
Peter J. Schwartz, MD, FACC||,
G. Michael Vincent, MD, FACC¶,
Silvia G. Priori, MD, PhD#,
Jesaia Benhorin, MD, FACC**,
Jeffrey A. Towbin, MD, FACC ,
Jennifer L. Robinson, MS*,
Mark L. Andrews, BBA*,
Carlo Napolitano, MD#,
Katherine Timothy¶,
Li Zhang, MD¶,
Aharon Medina, MD** International Long QT Syndrome Registry
* Department of MedicineRochester, New York, USA
Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
Department of Cardiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
|| Department of Cardiology, University of Pavia, and Policlinico San Matteo, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
¶ LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
# Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
** Bikur Cholim Hospital, University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
 Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Childrens Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA

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Figure 1 Cumulative probability of the first cardiac event in long QT syndrome carriers age 15 years by gender and genotype. P value is computed based on multivariate Cox model. Observation time censored at age 16 years. Numbers of males and females at risk are provided. See Abbreviations box for definitions.
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Figure 2 Cumulative probability of the first cardiac event in long QT syndrome carriers age 16 to 40 years by gender and genotype, conditional on no cardiac event before age 16. P value is computed based on multivariate Cox model. Observation time is 16 to 40 years. Numbers of males and females at risk are provided. See Abbreviations box for definitions.
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Figure 3 The lethality of cardiac events analyzed by sex in long QT syndrome (LQTS) family members with known genotype. Open bars = males; black bars = females. p < 0.001 when comparing LQT3 males and females to LQT1 and LQT2 males and females, respectively. For abbreviations see Abbreviations box.
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