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J Am Coll Cardiol, 2003; 42:103-109, doi:10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00554-0
© 2003 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
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Modulating effects of age and gender on the clinical course of long QT syndrome by genotype

Wojciech Zareba, MD, PhD, FACC*,*, Arthur J. Moss, MD, FACC*, Emanuela H. Locati, MD, PhD{ddagger}, Michael H. Lehmann, MD, FACC§, Derick R. Peterson, PhD{dagger}, W. Jackson Hall, PhD{dagger}, Peter J. Schwartz, MD, FACC||, G. Michael Vincent, MD, FACC, Silvia G. Priori, MD, PhD#, Jesaia Benhorin, MD, FACC**, Jeffrey A. Towbin, MD, FACC{dagger}{dagger}, Jennifer L. Robinson, MS*, Mark L. Andrews, BBA*, Carlo Napolitano, MD#, Katherine Timothy, Li Zhang, MD, Aharon Medina, MD** International Long QT Syndrome Registry

* Department of MedicineRochester, New York, USA
{dagger} Department of Biostatistics, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA
{ddagger} Department of Cardiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
§ Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
|| Department of Cardiology, University of Pavia, and Policlinico San Matteo, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
# Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
** Bikur Cholim Hospital, University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
{dagger}{dagger} Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA



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Figure 1 Cumulative probability of the first cardiac event in long QT syndrome carriers age ≤ 15 years by gender and genotype. P value is computed based on multivariate Cox model. Observation time censored at age 16 years. Numbers of males and females at risk are provided. See Abbreviations box for definitions.

 


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Figure 2 Cumulative probability of the first cardiac event in long QT syndrome carriers age 16 to 40 years by gender and genotype, conditional on no cardiac event before age 16. P value is computed based on multivariate Cox model. Observation time is 16 to 40 years. Numbers of males and females at risk are provided. See Abbreviations box for definitions.

 


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Figure 3 The lethality of cardiac events analyzed by sex in long QT syndrome (LQTS) family members with known genotype. Open bars = males; black bars = females. p < 0.001 when comparing LQT3 males and females to LQT1 and LQT2 males and females, respectively. For abbreviations see Abbreviations box.

 




 
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