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Spiral magnetic resonance coronary angiography with rapid real-time localization

Phillip C. Yang, MD^*,*, Craig H. Meyer, PhD, Masahiro Terashima, MD^*, Shuichiro Kaji, MD^*, Michael V. McConnell, MD^*, A. l Macovski, PhD, John M. Pauly, PhD, Dwight G. Nishimura, PhD and Bob S. Hu, MD^*

^* Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Representative spiral high-resolution coronary artery imaging sequence (SH) images obtained from normal volunteers at varying resolution and breath-hold duration. (a) Left anterior descending coronary artery and diagonal arteries: 0.7-mm spatial resolution at 14 heart-beat breath-hold duration. (b) Distal right coronary artery: 0.7-mm spatial resolution at 14 heart-beat breath-hold duration. (c) Phantom image obtained using SH. A white block arrow points out the array of fiducial markers at 1-mm resolution.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure 2 Interleaved spiral sequence. (a) Timing diagram: a spectral spatial excitation is followed by oscillating gradients in x and y. (b) k-space trajectory.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Figure 3 Representative real-time localization system (RT) images of the coronary arteries. (a) The left main coronary artery (black solid arrow), left anterior descending coronary artery and diagonal branches (white solid arrow), and ramus artery (white solid arrow head). (b) The right coronary artery (black solid arrow). (c) The left circumflex coronary artery and obtuse marginal branch (white solid arrow).

View larger version (205K): [in a new window]   Figure 4 Representative spiral high-resolution coronary artery imaging sequence (SH) and X-ray angiographic images of mild, moderate, severe, and totally occluded coronary lesions (white solid arrow). (a and b) Mild proximal-left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) lesion, (c and d) mild proximal-LAD lesion, (e and f) totally occluded mid-right coronary artery (RCA) lesion, (g and h) moderate distal-RCA lesion, (i and j) mild proximal-left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) lesion, and (k and l) severe proximal-LCx lesion and poststenotic dilation. Continued on next page.