Spontaneous echo contrast videodensity isflow-related and is dependent on the relative concentrations of fibrinogen and red blood cells
Raymonda Rastegar, MD, FACC*,
David J. Harnick, MD*,
Peter Weidemann, MD*,
Valentin Fuster, MD, PhD, FACC*,
Barry Coller, MD*,
Juan J. Badimon, PhD, FACC*,
James Chesebro, MD, FACC* and
Martin E. Goldman, MD, FACC*,*
* Zena and Michael A. Weiner Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Figure 1 Pictoral representation of the flow chamber (A) and mixing chamber (B).
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Figure 2 Spontaneous echo contrast videodensity over time using blood (hematocrit = 44%) with varying fibrinogen levels.
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Figure 4 (A) Photomicrograph of red blood cell aggregates: washed red blood cells (hematocrit = 58%) and fibrinogen = 166 mg/dl. The videodensity was 24.0. (B) Photomicrograph of red blood cell aggregates: washed red blood cells (hematocrit = 58%) and fibrinogen 349 = mg/dl. The videodensity was 50.0. (C) Photomicrograph of red blood cell aggregates: washed red blood cells (hematocrit = 58%) and fibrinogen = 493 mg/dl. The videodensity was 59.0.
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Figure 3 Blood spontaneous echo contrast videodensity as a function of increasing fibrinogen levels for different hematocrit concentrations. (A) Videodensity value versus fibrinogen concentration for the hematocrit range 7% to 14%. (B) Videodensity value versus fibrinogen concentration for the hematocrit range 27% to 35%. (C) Videodensity value versus fibrinogen concentration for the hematocrit range 35% to 47%. (D) Videodensity value versus fibrinogen concentration for the hematocrit range 53% to 60%.
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