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Hypoestrogenemia of hypothalamic origin and coronary artery disease in premenopausal women: a report from the NHLBI-sponsored WISE study

C. Noel Bairey Merz, MD, FACC^*,*, B. Delia Johnson, PhD, Barry L. Sharaf, MD, FACC, Vera Bittner, MD, FACC, Sarah L. Berga, MD^||, Glenn D. Braunstein, MD^*, T. Keta Hodgson, RN^*, Karen A. Matthews, PhD, Carl J. Pepine, MD, FACC^¶, Steven E. Reis, MD, FACC^#, Nathaniel Reichek, MD, FACC^**, William J. Rogers, MD, FACC, Gerald M. Pohost, MD, FACC, Sheryl F. Kelsey, PhD, George Sopko, MD WISE Study Group

^* Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
^|| Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
^¶ Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
^# Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
^** Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 Reproductive hormone levels stratified by angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) (70% luminal diameter stenosis in at least one epicardial coronary artery) (n = 95 women) (to convert bioavailable estradiol, estradiol, and estrone from picograms per milliliter to picomoles per liter, divide picomoles per liter by 3.671). The bottom and top of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively. The center horizontal line gives the sample median. The central vertical lines (the whiskers) range from the box to the 1.5 interquartile ranges from each side of the box (where an interquartile range is the distance between the 25th and the 75th percentile).