Carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon- and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus
Ryosuke Nishio, MD, PhD*,
Tetsuo Shioi, MD, PhD*,
Shigetake Sasayama, MD, PhD, FACC* and
Akira Matsumori, MD, PhD, FACC*,*
* Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Figure 1 Dose-related effects of carvedilol (mean ± SE). (a) Survival rate (n = 20 in each group). Circles = control group; squares = 3-mg/kg carvedilol group; triangles = 10-mg/kg carvedilol group. (b) Levels of IFN- in the heart on day 7 (n = 5 in each group). (c) Myocardial virus concentration on day 7 (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05 versus control. Carv-3 = 3 mg/kg carvedilol; Carv-10 = 10 mg/kg carvedilol.
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Figure 2 Comparisons of the effects of carvedilol versus metoprolol and propranolol (mean ± SE). (a) Survival rate (n = 20 in each group). Circles = control group; squares = 30-mg/kg propranolol treatment group; diamonds = 30-mg/kg metoprolol treatment group; triangles = 10-mg/kg carvedilol treatment group. *p < 0.05 versus control, propranolol, and metoprolol groups. (b) Levels of IFN- in the heart on day 7 (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05 versus control and metoprolol groups. (c) Levels of IL-12 in the heart on day 7 (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05 and #p < 0.01 versus control and metoprolol groups. (d) Myocardial virus concentration on day 7 (n = 5 in each group). *p < 0.05 versus control and metoprolol groups. Carv =carvedilol; Met = metoprolol; Prop = propranolol.
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