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Efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in reducing progression from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure in black and white patients

Daniel L. Dries, MD, MPH^*,*, Mark H. Strong, MD^*, Richard S. Cooper, MD and Mark H. Drazner, MD, MSc^*

^* Heart Failure Research Group, Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois, USA

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Figure 1 The cumulative incidence of end points representing progression from asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction to symptomatic heart failure (HF). The development of HF (A), development of HF requiring medical therapy (B), and the composite end point of death or development of HF (C) are shown for black and for white participants stratified by treatment of assignment (placebo and enalapril). In both black and white participants, randomization to enalapril resulted in a significant reduction in the risk of development of these end points (p < 0.001 for the comparison of white participants treated with enalapril versus placebo for each of these three end points; for the comparison of black participants treated with enalapril versus placebo: p = 0.02 for development of HF, p = 0.01 for development of HF requiring therapy, and p = 0.03 for the composite end point of death or development of HF). All p values are from the log-rank test.